With large populations come formidable challenges, particularly in the realm of health and hygiene. In the last century, upholding sanitary conditions in urban areas has remained a persistent challenge, particularly in a nation that houses over 1.5 billion people. India grapples with a myriad of issues- inadequate infrastructure for sanitation, lack of public toilets, and poor waste management practices. In densely populated cities, the struggle intensifies as sanitation and cleanliness management falters. India's rapid urbanization has outpaced the development of sanitation infrastructure and cleanliness issues have deeply entrenched in the nation's built environment.
Historical, social, economic, and infrastructural factors have collectively influenced significant shifts in India's urban sanitation landscape. Indian cities - especially those dealing with high population density, poverty, and inadequate sanitation - have long been susceptible to diseases. Dense urban centers breed diseases at an accelerated pace, generate substantial waste and sewage, and contaminate shared resources, resulting in unhygienic living conditions.
